Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2010/ii/paper-2/25h/iii/solution

For the anticlockwise boundary of the region, the inward normal is the left normal, so the signed curvature obeys the turning tangent theorem . Therefore some has . The enclosed area satisfies , and the planar isoperimetric inequality gives . Consequently
This uses the interpretation of the curve as a simple boundary traversed once; the inward normal and enclosed region in the question have that meaning.

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