Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2013/ib/paper-1/10g/i/solution

The coordinate axes are exactly the simultaneous eigenspaces of all invertible diagonal matrices in . A matrix normalizing must permute these common eigenspaces: if , then is again a scalar multiple of . Thus a normalizer element has exactly one nonzero entry in each row and column, a monomial matrix. In dimension two it is either diagonal or diagonal times . Conversely swaps the diagonal entries and normalizes . Therefore
This is the normalizer of a diagonal subgroup of GL2; the quotient records the permutation of the two axes.

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