Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2013/iii/paper-30/5/a/i/solution

Observed heterogeneity is variation in outcome propensities explained by measured covariates, such as age or sex. In logistic regression, subjects with different recorded predictor values may have different success probabilities, even before allowing for their previous outcomes. This is heterogeneity visible through observed predictors.

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