Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2013/iii/paper-58/4/a/i/solution

For , the Pauli X gate and Pauli Z gate act on different qubits in , so they commute. Their product is a Hermitian matrix and squares to the identity operator. Its eigenvalues have modulus one; equivalently it is a unitary operator. Therefore its spectral norm is
The qualification is necessary because the qubit labelled one does not exist for .

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