Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2014/ib/paper-4/11e/b/solution

The set is the ideal quotient . It contains zero. If , then , since is an subgroup. If and , then because is an ideal. Thus is an ideal.
Write and . Because , each has the form . Then , so , and . Conversely by the definition of . Therefore
so is a principal ideal. This argument uses only the commutative ring convention, not cancellation or an integral domain hypothesis.

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