Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2014/iii/paper-7/4/d/solution

Put , where the Gaussian density is strictly positive. Extend continuously at zero by . Both densities have integral one, so the relative entropy can be written as
The bracket is nonnegative and vanishes only at : its derivative for is , with a unique minimum at one. Hence
The inequality holds also for infinite entropy. Its negative integrand part is integrable, since and has integral one, so the extended-value integral is well defined. This is relative entropy in Kac's model; no differentiation is needed for nonnegativity.

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