Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2016/iii/paper-204/3/e/solution

Use the following general result, including its site version: independent site percolation on has almost surely at most one infinite percolation cluster at each fixed parameter; for every fixed it has exactly one almost surely. This is the uniqueness of the infinite percolation cluster, also called the Burton-Keane theorem. For , the additional general fact ensures a choice of a parameter strictly between and . In dimension one, and the asserted interval is empty.
Fix and choose . Let be the unique infinite open connected component of a graph at . Under the monotone coupling of Bernoulli percolation, it is contained in the unique infinite open connected component of a graph at . On , the origin and therefore lie in that same connected component of a graph, and a finite -open graph path connects to some graph vertex of .
For this fixed deterministic , the countable set of uniforms satisfies at every graph vertex almost surely. Thus all uniforms on that finite graph path are strictly less than , including its endpoints. If is their maximum, choose with . The graph path is then -open, and its endpoint remains connected to infinity through . Consequently occurs and . We have proved
Part (d) gives left continuity at this ; part (b) supplies right continuity when . The same finite-path proof gives left continuity at , since all uniforms are strictly less than almost surely. Thus is continuous on , without asserting continuity at . This is supercritical continuity of percolation probability.

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