Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2016/iii/paper-336/2/a/iii/solution

Define the nested integral
The order- equation in the inner expansion is . The preceding result decomposes its forcing into . The particular solutions combine to
For example, follows directly by differentiating the nested integral, so the equation can also be verified without relying on the supplied particular-solution formulas. At zero ; add to impose the left boundary condition. As this gives
The outer expansion in the overlap, derived in the previous section, requires the remaining constant to be . Thus . The logarithmic matching constant is an error-function logarithmic switchback.
The complete answer through order in the inner expansion is
Here , and . This expression is zero at , and its large- expansion agrees with . Together with , it covers both requested regions. The overlap uses , with the usual termwise ordering restrictions when matching higher terms.
If a single continuous approximation is desired, an additive composite expansion is
The apparent logarithmic divergence at cancels: its residual is . The composite therefore extends continuously to the left endpoint and satisfies the right boundary condition to the requested order.

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