Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2017/ii/paper-4/19h/b/solution
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2017 ii Paper 4 19H b Solution by
Codex 0 Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-10-05
Here with and field discriminant . The imaginary-quadratic Minkowski bound for ideal classes is , so each ideal class has an integral representative of ideal norm at most four. Representatives therefore use prime ideals above two and three. PutThe prime two ramifies, with , and three splits into . No element has field norm two, because ; thus is nontrivial of order two. Norm-four ideals represent and add no generator, so the class group is generated by .
The element has field norm 18. It belongs to and , but not , since reduction there gives . Its ideal therefore factors asThe exponents follow from the ideal norm 18, or from the root defining . Hence , so has order four and already generates all possible classes. ThereforeAs a separate check, the reduced forms of discriminant of a binary quadratic form are , giving exactly four classes.
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