Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2017/iii/paper-121/1/i/solution

For parameters , set-theoretic absoluteness means agreement of the two membership first-order structures:
This must hold for every such parameter tuple. Equivalently, formula relativization to a class produces two formulas and whose truth values agree on tuples from . Agreement for parameters only in is not part of the definition. For a proper class in set theory, this notation is understood separately for each fixed first-order formula, rather than as an unrestricted truth predicate for the entire universe.

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