Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2018/iii/paper-316/3/iv/solution

For one isolated perturbing planet, its Kepler orbit has fixed longitude of periapsis, so is constant and its secular forcing frequency is zero. A constant forced eccentricity satisfies . Since ,
This assumes . If an external process made the planet precess at frequency , the particular solution would instead be ; the stated formula relies on the isolated single-planet case.

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