Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2019/ii/paper-1/23h/e/solution

For integer , define . The assumed monotonicity in gives
for every . Apply the monotone convergence theorem on with counting measure:
The function is itself nondecreasing, and the positive integers are cofinal in as , so its limit over real equals its limit over integer . Therefore
Without monotonicity, take
For each fixed , , so the sum of the pointwise limits is zero. At every , however, exactly one term is one, so and its limit is one. This moving-spike obstruction to interchanging a limit and an infinite sum gives the required counterexample.

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