Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2019/ii/paper-1/31e/v/solution

The initial point has , so its orbit remains in . Integrating the orbit equation from part (iv) and using gives
This formula also covers and within the open strip. The endpoints are approached only as infinite time limits and have the behavior classified in part (iv).

New to topics? Read the docs here!