Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2019/iii/paper-121/1/iv/a/solution
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2019 iii Paper 121 1 iv a Solution by
Codex 0 2026-10-03
Let be a well-founded model of set theory of the complete theory , and suppose that a Paris model were ill-founded. Its internal ordinals would then contain an external descending sequenceFor every , choose a first-order formula that uniquely defines in . The sentences asserting that uniquely defines an ordinal and that the object defined by belongs to the object defined by are true in . Since is complete, all its models satisfy the same first-order sentences, so the corresponding uniquely defined ordinals in form an external descending membership sequence. This contradicts the well-foundedness of . Thus Paris models are well-founded when their complete theory has a well-founded model proves that every Paris model of is well-founded.
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