Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2019/iii/paper-339/3/c/solution

The Horn copositive matrix is invariant under cyclic permutation of its five coordinates: its negative entries correspond precisely to neighboring indices on the five-cycle. For any , cyclically relabel the coordinates so that is a smallest coordinate. In particular, .
Using the stated identity in this coordinate order,
The square is nonnegative, and both remaining terms are nonnegative since and . Cyclic invariance means the relabeling has not changed the quadratic form. Thus is a copositive matrix for every original ordering of .

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