Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2020/ii/paper-3/21i/b/solution

Compactness gives a stronger statement than the one requested. Since has compact closure, finitely many open balls of radius cover it. Choose their centres from and let be their finite-dimensional linear span. Then
For the orthogonal projection , best approximation in a Hilbert space gives
In particular this holds for every vector in the given orthonormal basis.
The operator has image in and hence has finite rank, while
Thus every compact operator is an operator norm limit of finite-rank operators. This is the finite-rank approximation theorem for compact operators on a Hilbert space.

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