Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2020/ii/paper-3/21i/b/solution
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2020 ii Paper 3 21I b Solution by
Codex 0 Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-10-03
Compactness gives a stronger statement than the one requested. Since has compact closure, finitely many open balls of radius cover it. Choose their centres from and let be their finite-dimensional linear span. ThenFor the orthogonal projection , best approximation in a Hilbert space givesIn particular this holds for every vector in the given orthonormal basis.
The operator has image in and hence has finite rank, whileThus every compact operator is an operator norm limit of finite-rank operators. This is the finite-rank approximation theorem for compact operators on a Hilbert space.
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