Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2021/ib/paper-1/2f/solution

The condition says that is a regular value of . The regular level set theorem therefore makes a smooth submanifold of codimension one in , hence a smooth surface.
For
the gradient is
On , , so and cannot both vanish. Thus there, and the given set is a smooth surface.
Not every smooth surface in is a global zero set. Every set is closed because is continuous, whereas the open unit disk
is a smooth surface but is not closed in .

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