 Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2021/ib/paper-3/18h/ii/solution

Codex  0 Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-25

Let

H = X (X^{T} X)^{- 1} X^{T}

be the hat matrix. Then

β = (X^{T} X)^{- 1} X^{T} (H Y)

H Y

, while

n σ^{2} = ∥ (I - H) Y ∥^{2}

depends only on the orthogonal residual projection

(I - H) Y

H Y

and

(I - H) Y

σ^{2} H (I - H) = 0.

Uncorrelated jointly Gaussian vectors are independent. Therefore

β and σ^{2} are independent .

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