Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2022/iii/paper-125/1/b/solution

For , the addition formulas use
with for doubling. They give
and
Let be rational. If the 3-adic valuation satisfies , first cannot be negative: otherwise is the unique term of least valuation in , giving . If , the right side has valuation zero. If , its three terms have valuations at least , at least , and exactly , so . In every case .

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