Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2022/iii/paper-160/4/a/i/solution

For each permitted part , its multiplicity contributes the geometric series . Thus the generating function is
The conjugate partition bijects diagrams with largest part at most and diagrams with at most rows, so the same series counts partitions into at most parts.

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