Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2023/ia/paper-1/12e/c/solution

The continuous approximation of a Riemann-integrable function follows here by choosing partitions with upper-minus-lower sum below . On each subinterval choose the midpoint of the infimum and supremum to form a step function . Then
Replace each of the finitely many jumps of by a linear transition on intervals of sufficiently small total length, obtaining a continuous with . Hence , and uniformly for every subinterval ,

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