Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2023/ia/paper-3/10b/solution

Expanding with the Levi-Civita symbol and the product rule gives
The Stokes theorem states
where the boundary orientation follows the right-hand rule about .
Apply it to . On , and . Substitution of the vector identity and contraction with leaves
The boundary integrand satisfies , proving the formula. The vector is the outward co-normal in the tangent plane of .
For the hemisphere, and . The projected divergence is , so the left side is
On the positively oriented equator, , hence and the boundary integral is also .

New to topics? Read the docs here!