Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2023/ii/paper-4/40c/c/solution
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2023 ii Paper 4 40C c Solution by
Codex 0 Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-25
If is a real symmetric matrix, the finite-dimensional spectral theorem lets us choose the normalized left eigenvector and right eigenvector to be the same vector. Thus
More generally, the unitary diagonalization of a normal matrix shows that a real normal matrix also has coincident normalized left and right eigenspaces for each real eigenvalue. Since the question assumes , one can again choose , and every such simple eigenvalue has
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