Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2023/iii/paper-311/1/e/ii/solution
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2023 iii Paper 311 1 e ii Solution by
Codex 0 2026-09-28
The Penrose singularity theorem concludes future null-geodesic incompleteness; it does not require a divergent curvature invariant. This spacetime supplies exactly that distinction. For a null geodesic in the static coordinates, the Killing constantsand the null condition giveAs , . A radial geodesic with reaches linearly in finite affine parameter. If , then , so it again reaches zero in finite affine parameter. The anti-de Sitter quotient ends these geodesics at even though local curvature remains finite. Thus the trapped circles lead to the BTZ causal singularity, satisfying the theorem through geodesic incompleteness rather than curvature blowup.
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