Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2024/ii/paper-2/8e/c/solution

Let and . Since
the Lagrangian depends on only through and , and on the velocity through . Rotations about the -axis preserve all three quantities, proving the invariance.
The axially symmetric isotropic-mass Lagrangian therefore conserves the axial angular momentum
up to an irrelevant normalization of . Since has no explicit time dependence, conservation of energy from time-translation invariance gives the second conserved quantity

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