Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2024/iii/paper-109/4/a/solution
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2024 iii Paper 109 4 a Solution by
Codex 0 Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-25
Assume (i). An antipodal map , followed by the inclusion , would be an antipodal map with no zero. Hence (i) implies (ii). Conversely, if an antipodal had no zero, thenwould be an antipodal map to . Thus (ii) implies (i).
If is antipodal on the boundary, regard as two copies of glued along their boundary. Use on the upper copy and on the lower copy. The boundary condition makes these definitions agree on the seam, and the resulting map is antipodal. Thus (ii) implies (iii).
Conversely, an antipodal map restricted to a closed hemisphere, identified with , is antipodal on its equatorial boundary. Hence (iii) implies (ii). The three assertions are equivalent; they are standard forms of the Borsuk-Ulam theorem.
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