Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2025/iii/paper-215/2/b/solution

The graph has vertices, bounded degrees, and stationary masses . Split any set into components that do not communicate in one step and use part (a)(ii). A connected component of stationary mass has vertices. The planar grid isoperimetric bound supplies at least boundary edges unless the component fills most of one layer; in that case the interlayer edges give the same order. Thus
The conductance-profile mixing bound for a lazy chain now gives
Here also gives by Cheeger inequality. Hence .

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