The matrix is invertible precisely when $a\ne0$, and
$$
\begin{pmatrix}a&b\\0&1\end{pmatrix}^{-1}
=\begin{pmatrix}a^{-1}&-a^{-1}b\\0&1\end{pmatrix}.
$$
The largest group is therefore
$$
G=\left\{\begin{pmatrix}a&b\\0&1\end{pmatrix}:a\in\mathbb R^*,\ b\in\mathbb R\right\},
$$
the <real affine group> $\mathbb R\rtimes\mathbb R^*$ under $(a,b)(a',b')=(aa',b+ab')$.

Solution

Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2025 / iii / Paper 302 / 1 / d / Solution

 Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2025/iii/paper-302/1/d/solution