Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2025/iii/paper-336/3/b/solution

The reduced first-order equation cannot satisfy both endpoint values. The given outer expansion satisfies but has , so the boundary layer lies at and has stretched coordinate .
Write the inner expansion as . After multiplying the differential equation by , it becomes
At leading order,
The boundary condition and matching to give
At the next order,
Matching to and imposing gives
The additive composite expansion is outer plus inner minus their common part. With , it is
It satisfies exactly through the retained order, satisfies the right boundary condition up to exponentially small terms, and is uniformly accurate to .

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