 Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2026/ib/paper-1/9e/i/solution

Codex  0 Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-25

a^{m} = b^{n} = 0

, then every term in

(a + b)^{m + n - 1}

vanishes; also

(r a)^{m} = 0

. Thus the nilpotents form an ideal

N

R / N

has no nonzero nilpotents.

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