Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-year-1-of-the-natural-sciences-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2004/paper-2/1/b/solution

Let be the interior of the tetrahedron, and take any constant vector field . Its divergence is zero, so the divergence theorem gives
Choosing to be each Cartesian basis vector proves . This is the general fact that vector areas of a closed polyhedron sum to zero, specialized to four faces. The outward orientations are essential: the scalar face areas are all positive and do not sum to zero.

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