Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-year-1-of-the-natural-sciences-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2015/paper-2/14/e/solution

The product formula requires independent failure times. This assumption is not stated in the original PDF. Under that intended assumption, put and use the failure probabilities for two independent lifetimes:
Its graph is a cubic increasing from to , convex before reaching its plateau.
Without independence, the marginal distributions do not determine . The Fréchet inequalities give the sharp pointwise bounds
For example, taking and with the same uniform random variable preserves both prescribed marginals but gives , rather than .

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