Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-year-1-of-the-natural-sciences-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2016/paper-2/6/b/solution

The fundamental theorem for line integrals evaluates this conservative vector field integral by the change in potential. At the initial point . At the final point , so the exponential factor is one, and
The detailed shape of the path does not affect this line integral.

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