Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-year-1-of-the-natural-sciences-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2025/paper-1/14/a/ii/solution

With , nonnegativity of the probability density function at both and requires
This is equivalent to . The derivative
shows that this infimum occurs at . Therefore the necessary and sufficient restriction is
Sufficiency follows from the same decreasing-ratio argument at every interior point. The endpoint values of are allowed: the probability density function merely vanishes at one endpoint.

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