Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-options-i-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2011/p/1/b/solution

For with , the three Gershgorin discs have positive real centres , , , and radii , , . Centre minus radius is respectively
Thus none of the discs contains zero. By the Gershgorin circle theorem, zero is not an eigenvalue, so is nonsingular for every . Consequently

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