 Solution

The leading error term can be removed by comparing the two step sizes $h$ and $h/2$:Multiply the second expression by four and subtract the first. The $h^2$ terms cancel, so the first Richardson extrapolation step isRepeat with $R_1(h/2)$ and $R_1(h)$, now cancelling the fourth-order error using the factor $16$. In general, with $R_0(h)=I_h$,Under the stated even-power expansion, successive columns have errors of orders $h^4,h^6,h^8,\dots$. Each step uses the known scaling of the leading error to eliminate its unknown coefficient.