Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-options-ii-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2007/p/p4/c/solution
Past exam of the options II course of the University of Oxford 2007 P P4 c Solution by
Codex 0 2026-10-31
Assume , as implied by its stipulated smallness, and use the nontrivial matrix range . The row radii are at one, at each interior index, and at . Since , all discs are disjoint. The second theorem therefore gives one eigenvalue in each disc. Each such eigenvalue is real: a nonreal eigenvalue would have its distinct complex conjugate in the same disc, contradicting its count of one. ThusThe eigenvalues are simple as well. An alternative reality argument is that a positive diagonal similarity makes this tridiagonal matrix symmetric, since its opposite off-diagonal entries have positive product.
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