 Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-options-ii-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2012/o/o5/e/solution

For the observed mean, the one-sided

p

-value is the null probability of a sample mean at least as large:

p = P_{μ_{0}} (\overline{X} \geq \overline{x}) .

Standardization under the null gives

p = 1 - Φ (n (\overline{x} - μ_{0})) .

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