Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-particle-and-nuclear-physics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2012/paper-1/3/a/solution

The weak charged current spectator topology is , , with the initial a spectator. The pair forms the negative meson and the positive meson. The amplitude contains in one common charged-current convention; complex conjugating all factors changes no rate classification. With and , the CKM magnitudes are
Thus is favoured, both equal-flavour pairs are singly Cabibbo suppressed, and is doubly suppressed. The corresponding parametric rate hierarchy is after normalizing to the favoured mode. Cabibbo suppression counting alone does not rank the middle two: phase space, different matrix elements and hadronic final-state interactions matter. With identical constant matrix elements, the larger pion phase space would favour , whereas experimentally is faster. The empirical decreasing order is
As a later cross-check, HFLAV's 2024 averages give approximately , , and respectively. The exact middle ordering is an experimental input, not a consequence of the supplied masses and Cabibbo angle alone.[ref]
Figure 1.
Charm spectator topology
. Details.

New to topics? Read the docs here!