 Solution

A proton contains up quarks on which the charged current can act:through $W^{-}$ exchange, weighted by $V_{ud}$. Spectator quarks complete the hadronic final state. At the exclusive nucleon level the charge assignment is $e^{-}p\to {\nu }_{e}n$; at the high momentum transfers specified, the generally dominant description is inclusive $e^{-}p\to {\nu }_{e}X$ with proton structure and hadronic breakup, not an unsuppressed pointlike proton-to-neutron transition. The quark-level diagram in the figure displays this allowed charge flow. The electron's left-chiral selection is the same as in part d.