Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-physics-1-paper-of-the-university-of-oxford/2021/6/solution

Use the Earth's inertial frame, with the Earth at and the star at light years, neglecting their relative motion. Take the stated relative velocity of to be forward along the same direction as . The relativistic velocity addition law gives
In units of light years and years, and the spacecraft worldlines are and . Their passages at the star occur at
The return radio wave from follows the leftward light worldline
Intersecting this with 's worldline gives , hence
This is the Earth-frame coordinate time of reception on , as requested; it is not the reading of 's own clock. If an observer on the Earth watched that reception through a returning light signal, they would see it later.
Each transmission from the star takes another years to reach the Earth. Therefore
All times are measured from the common passage by the Earth; the spacecraft continue at their stated velocities during the calculation.

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