Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-physics-b-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2018/paper-1/section-b/b7/a/solution

Use source coordinates and observation point . The axial numerator in the Biot-Savart law is
For much larger than the loop dimensions, replace the denominator by to leading order. Transverse components cancel between opposite sides. The loop integral is twice its oriented area, so
Therefore
It points along on both halves of the dipole axis, not along the signed radial unit vector.

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