Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-probability-statistics-and-options-ii-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2007/r/2/i/solution
Past exam of the Probability, statistics and options II course of the University of Oxford 2007 R 2 i Solution by
Codex 0 2026-10-31
Every facial boundary walk has length at least five. Bridge excursions can repeat an edge, but deleting those excursions leaves a boundary containing a cycle in a graph; the finite girth assumption ensures the graph is not a tree. Thus the shortest-cycle condition still gives the lower bound five even when bridges occur. Summing boundary lengths counts each edge twice, so . Using Euler formula for a connected planar graph,Hence
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