Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-probability-statistics-and-options-ii-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2007/r/2/solution
Past exam of the Probability, statistics and options II course of the University of Oxford 2007 R 2 Solution by
Codex 0 2026-10-31
Choose a spanning tree of the connected plane graph. A tree with vertices has edges and one face of a plane graph, so . Add the remaining drawn edges one at a time. Each joins two existing vertices and closes a cycle in a graph; its interior lies in one current face of a plane graph, splitting that face of a plane graph into two by the Jordan curve theorem. Thus and increase together while stays fixed. The quantity remains two, proving Euler formula for a connected planar graph.
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