Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-probability-statistics-and-options-ii-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2009/a/a2/iii/solution

Take , the intended positive-exponent range. If , then fixes both and its field generator, so it fixes every element of . Every element would then be a root of . But that polynomial has degree , impossible for a nonzero polynomial over a field. Thus . The source writes only ; zero must be excluded, since .

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