Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-relativistic-astrophysics-and-cosmology-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2016/paper-1/2/b/solution

For radiation, and . The continuity equation gives , so the flat, zero- background expands as . Hence
Radiation pressure doubles the deceleration parameter relative to dust at the same density parameter. The printed radiation-filled Einstein-de Sitter wording is interpreted as a flat radiation-only model; the conventional name Einstein-de Sitter normally refers to the dust case.

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