Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-relativity-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2021/section-a/3/solution

Interpret the orbit in the Schwarzschild metric as an unforced circular timelike geodesic and choose its plane as . Put . The radial geodesic equation at constant radius uses the Christoffel symbols
and gives the Angular velocity of a circular Schwarzschild geodesic
The proper-time normalization then yields
Over one revolution, the Proper period of a circular Schwarzschild geodesic is therefore
Both the gravitational and orbital kinematic contributions to time dilation are included. Circular timelike geodesics exist for ; they are stable for and unstable for , with marginal stability at .
If “circular orbit” instead means a forced trajectory with an externally chosen angular velocity, the radius alone does not fix the answer. Its elapsed time is , or per revolution. The geodesic interpretation supplies the missing angular velocity.

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