Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-short-options-paper-shared-by-prelims-and-parts-a-and-b-of-the-physics-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2016/s28/2/solution

In the many-worlds interpretation, the universal state evolves unitarily. A measurement transforms into . Environmental decoherence suppresses interference between macroscopically distinct records, so each branch contains a consistent observer record of one outcome. There is no stochastic selection of a unique global result in that dynamics. Thus fundamental indeterministic collapse is not recovered; it is deliberately absent.
The appearance of indeterminism can nevertheless be described branch-relatively. Before examining a record, an observer lacks information about which recorded result will be encountered in a future branch-relative history. After measurement, each descendant has one stable record and experiences a definite result. This is more than saying that a classical observer does not know a predetermined hidden bit, because the global state includes multiple continuing record structures rather than one unknown selected trajectory.
The hard question is why uncertainty or rational expectation should follow the Born weights . Decoherence explains approximately autonomous records and a preferred coarse-grained basis, but does not by itself turn all branch counts into a unique measure. Literal counting is ill-defined because branches do not have a uniquely fixed number. Decision-theoretic, symmetry or typicality arguments try to justify squared-amplitude weights and their role in observed frequencies, but their auxiliary assumptions must be assessed rather than silently called consequences of unitary dynamics alone.
The interpretation can therefore account structurally for the appearance of definite unpredictable outcomes without adding dynamical randomness. Whether that completely accounts for probability depends on a successful connection from branch weights to expectation and confirmation. Its strength is a uniform dynamical law for system and observer; its cost is an ontology and probability account that go beyond the experience of one apparently unique outcome.[ref]

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