Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-year-1-of-the-computer-science-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2019/discrete-mathematics-continuous-mathematics-and-probability-resit/9/b/ii/solution

The missing axiom is normalization: . The zero set function satisfies both displayed requirements but is not a probability measure, showing why this condition is essential.
The incomplete axiom needs countable additivity: for every sequence of pairwise disjoint events ,
The stated two-event version implies finite additivity, but does not supply this requirement for a countably infinite collection. Together with nonnegativity and normalization, this gives the usual probability measure axioms on the sigma-algebra .

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