 Paper 1

Worked solutions for the held Oxford second-year Earth Sciences examination of 1 June 2023. Source release: released question paper and Attachments A and B. The examination asks candidates to choose one question from each of six sections; every available numbered alternative is addressed here. These are derived solutions, with no question statements reproduced.

Source gap: Attachment C, referenced for Question 9, is absent from the held release. The printed summary table permits numerical calculations, but parts 9(d–e) remain explicitly provisional until that attachment and any conventions it supplied are checked. Attachments A and B are available and are treated as supporting material for Questions 3 and 4. Image positions below use fractions of the map frame, excluding page margins. The repeated salt-velocity subscript in Question 6 and the circular reference in Question 10 are documented where they affect the solution.